Swing vs Steady

Swing vs Steady a)Swing: Sales: 5000 Price per unit: $10 Variable Cost per unit: $2. 5 Fixed Cost: $35000 Current Profit: $ 2500 New Price per additional unit: 0 New Contribution Margin = New Price per unit – Variable cost per unit =$8. 5-$2. 5 =$6 New Sales unit @40% additional sales= 5000*40%= 2000 Additional profit @40% additional Sales = Additional Sales* New Contribution Margin =2000*6 =$12000 New Sales unit @20% additional sales= 5000*20%= 1000 Additional profit @20% additional Sales = Additional Sales* New Contribution Margin =1000*6 =$6000 Steady: Sales: 5000 Price per unit: $10 Variable Cost per unit: $5. Fixed Cost: $35000 Current Profit: $ 2500 New Price per additional unit: $8. 5 New Contribution Margin = New Price per unit – Variable cost per unit =$8. 5-$5. 5 =$3 New Sales unit @40% additional sales= 5000*40%= 2000 Additional profit @40% additional Sales = Additional Sales* New Contribution Margin =2000*3 =$6000 New Sales unit @20% additional sales= 5000*2 0%= 1000 Additional profit @20% additional Sales = Additional Sales* New Contribution Margin =1000*3 =$3000 Both the companies should enter the market as they are realizing additional profits by charging a lower price for the new market. )Swing : ? P =-1. 5 CM= Price- Variable Cost= $10-$2. 5 =$7. 5 % Break-even sales change= -? P/(CM + ? P) = 1. 5/(7. 5-1. 5) = 25% % Break-even sales change in units =5000*25% =1250 Total Break-even sales=5000+1250= 6250 Change in Profit for 40% increase in sales= (Sales change in units- Break-even sales change) * New contribution Margin =(2000-1250)*6 =750*6 =$ 4500 Steady: ? P =-1. 5 CM= Price- Variable Cost= $10-$5. 5 =$4. 5 New CM= New Price – Variable Cost= 8. 5-5. 5= 3 % Break-even sales change= -? P/(CM + ? P) = 1. 5/(4. 5-1. 5) = 50% % Break-even sales change in units =5000*50% =2500Total Break-even sales=5000+2500= 7500 Change in Profit for 40% increase in sales= (Sales change in units- Break-even sales change) * New contribution Mar gin =(2000-2500)*3 =-750*6 =- $1500 The answers differ from the answers in part a because in part a segmentation pricing is used whereas here the price is reduced for the entire product line. The change in the contribution margin for all the products is responsible for the change in profitability. c) Swing is better positioned to take advantage of this opportunity because with a 40% increase in sales at a price of$ 8. per unit, it incurs additional profits of $4500; whereas Steady incurs losses of $1500. If the companies share the market both the companies will have additional sales lower than the break-even sales resulting income lower than their current income. In such a case Steady will suffer far more losses. Low variable costs and hence lower contribution margins of Swing make the company more profitable in comparison to Steady for the sales of additional units. Since the market cannot be segmented, I would advise Swing to reduce its price and enter the market to acquire 40% ad ditional sales.Steady should overlook the new market and continue selling to the current market without changing its price. d) Break even sales change that would change the profits by the same amount as a reduction in price. Initial Contribution Margin= 10-5. 5=4. 5 Reactive breakeven = ? P/Initial CM =-1. 5/4. 5=- 33. 33% Thus a sales reduction of 33. 33% percent at initial price of $10 is equivalent to losses brought about by a price reduction of 1. 5. Steady’s management believes that a price of $10 after Swings reduction to $8. 5 would have brought about 60% reduction in Steady’s sales. Since 33. 33%

Pharmasim Preliminary Market Strategy Essay

Allstar Brands’ over-the-counter cold and allergy remedy Allround will continue to be the market leader among OTC cold medicines and continue to increase its stock price over the next decade in order to remain not only competitive, but the premier stock choice among competitors in the OTC cold and allergy remedy market. To further grow the Allround product it is essential to build upon the current strengths of the brand, but also seek additional areas for opportunity and growth. These goals will be accomplished by evaluating competitors entering the OTC cold and allergy remedy market and through careful planning and execution to enhance our current product to meet the desires and needs of consumers. Allstar Brands’ Allround product holds a strong position in the over-the-counter cold and allergy remedy market by being the market share leader, but there is no guarantee this trend will continue. Allround recognizes the need to continue to diversify and reformulate its current product line in order to remain competitive in light of an influx of competition. Allround competes in one of four product categories in the OTC market with no emphasis in the cough, allergy, or nasal categories. We will be better enabled to meet the desires and needs wanted most by consumers by enhancing the current Allround product line. Allstar Brands’ Allround product has been a profitable brand with manufacturer sales of over $355 million in its most recent period. To further increase sales it is crucial to ensure the Allround brand is being sought by all consumers in the OTC cold and allergy remedy market. Recent surveys show the Allround brand did not receive the best shelf space placement and this is a great concern to the future of the brand. It is important Allround reallocates its resources appropriately to maximize the efficiency of our channels of distribution in order to promote our brand to its fullest potential. Allround’s brand effectiveness and high recognition have allowed it to be among the price leaders in the OTC cold and allergy remedy market. This current trend is a great concern to the management team at the OCM group of Allstar Brands. In order to remain competitive Allround must closely monitor all pricing aspects associated with manufacturing and selling the brand. To ensure Allround can maintain a price leadership role in the market it must continually adjust its pricing tactics to better suit its consumers in periods of growth and decline. Allround’s success depends on the consumers who buy its product. To ensure consumers are purchasing our product Allround must offer the greatest value. By promoting our product to the appropriate demographics we can develop more sales and grow our customer base. Allround brand recognizes the need to promote its product through all types of mediums including coupons, point-of-purchase vehicles, and trial-size packages in order to maintain customer loyalty. If Allstar Brands is able to understand its customers on a more intimate basis then it can better provide for desires and needs sought by those purchasing medicine in the OTC cold and allergy remedy market. Situation Analysis The following is a situational analysis of all pertinent aspects of the current state of the market and of the Allround product. Using the â€Å"5 Cs† we have developed an overview of the current situation and hope to present it in a clear and concise manner. This covers the current external factors, major competitor factors, projected customer’s information, fellow distributor’s and retailer’s factors, and current company outlook. -Context: External factors -Collaborators: Who are we using to promote our product, and how do we motivate them? WhoWhyMotivate PharmacistsCustomers value and trust the opinions of pharmacistsMarket that boosting the sales of Allround will also boost drugstores sales Chain DrugstoresStatisticaly a high volume of sales come from thesePromoting this product will boost sales and garner more customers for both Allround and the drugstore Grocery StoresStatisticaly a high volume of sales come from theseConvince that this is the best OTC cold medicine and that stocking this will increase store sales DoctorsDoctors could recommend product to patientsDistribute samples to local doctors to encourage recommendations to patients -Company: Goal? Strengths and weaknesses? GoalsMetricsStrengthsWeaknesses Increase Stock Price10% increase per yearBrand awareness, market share, product quality, high potential growthUnacceptable budget allocation Increase Company Net Income10% increase per yearHigh income, high price, brand awarenessWeak portfolio Increase Company Annual Net Income~$74MBrand awareness, company growth, inelastic pricingSales coverage, Unused R&D capacity Increase Company Utilization~93%#1 product in market, new product line and reformulation optionsAlcohol additive in current formula, budget Increase Shelf Space Rank#1 product in retailBrand awarenessSales coverage and promotion, diluted advertising plan, budget constraints Target Market: The Allround initial marketing plan will be focused on four core groups. The four groups include empty nesters, mature families, singles, and retirees. The main marketing focus will be on singles and empty nesters, as those are our core customers. Singles and empty nesters is Allround’s primary demographic. These 2 groups are the perfect candidates due to their age. Young singles are defined as young adults living alone; Allround was made for fast relief for adults. Young singles, being largely independent, require fast and effective relief from cold symptoms. Empty nesters are classified as older people whose households are now empty. Mature families are also a large group of interest. Mature families usually have older children and are less cautious of the side effects on a teen. The parents of the household are also usually middle aged and still in the workforce, this is a perfect demographic for a fast relief cold medicine. Retired is an important, but already established, market for Allround. Due to this fact the company should focus less advertising on retirees. People past the point of retirement have already been largely exposed to the product. The chance of acquiring new customers from this demographic is low, and the advertising opportunity is past its prime. The marketing team has decided against advertising to young families, at least for the moment. Young families are especially concerned with side effects of medicine. Many families with young children won’t be as interested in adult cold medicines. Therefore, advertising efforts should be focused elsewhere. Allround should look into developing a child’s cold medicine in the future; bundle that with the original formula and market it to young families. Recommendations: Our recommendations are focused on the initial four major company expressed at the beginning of this report. First we will discuss how to improve our product, and by extension customer satisfaction, as well as possible new product lines. Second, we will focus on product placement and improving distribution channels. Third, we discuss possible pricing options and contingencies. Finally, promotion plans and increasing our circulation through major markets. The Allround product is a well recommended and widely trusted OTC cold and allergy medication. To maintain this image we need to further show our customers that we are listening. A major issue with current customers is the alcohol content, and resulting side effects, of the current Allround formula. To improve Allround’s image even further we must reformulate the current product to rid it of alcohol while still maintaining its effectiveness. Customers have also expressed interest in chest decongestant; by again reformulating the product we can add expectorant to further the overall quality of cold symptom relief. A final possibility would be to explore new product line options, such as an improved Allround product or a child’s cold medicine, to diversify the company and reach more markets. Allround has a very high shelf stock, however due to a large number of new competitors this number is decreasing. The first recommendation regarding placement of the product would be to increase the number of detailers to increase support of wholesalers and merchandisers; it is recommended that the number of initial detailers be at least doubled. Secondly, support must be shown for independent drugstores, therefore it is advised that the company allocate more of its sales force to that resource. Finally, more advertising and trial promotions need to be focused on chain drugstores and grocery stores. Allround has consistently been one of the higher priced OTC cold and allergy medicines, justified by its proven quality. Price is more mercurial than other factors in marketing; pricing must be determined on a yearly basis. Inflation rate and marketing forecast must be closely monitored to determine the companie’s actions regarding price. If the market outlook is favorable then price increase should match that of inflation rate; if the market outlook is not favorable the price increase must stay below inflation rate. Following this plan should ensure sales will follow a steady or upward trend, minimizing loss. Allround tries, and largely succeeds, at being a household name. To ensure this stays true promotion must be increased to compete with the influx of competition into the market, to do this we go back to reformulating the product. Due to Allrounds alcohol content, and subsequent side effects, doctors are more apt to recommend competitors with alcohol-free products. Removing the alcohol content would go great lengths in increasing doctor and pharmacist recommendations. More focus needs to be placed on trial promotions, while couponing should stay the same for the base product. Promotion funds need to be more targeted toward our major retailers, chain drug stores and grocery stores, as these largely use circulars and other promotional strategies.

Chinese Cinderella Essay

Last term our class studied Chinese Cinderella by Adeline Yen Mah. It is Adeline’s story, about her tough and horrible childhood as a neglected and unloved daughter of a rich and arrogant man, and a cruel, and abusive Stepmother. Right from the moment her mother died, Adeline was labelled as ‘bad luck’. Her family was very superstitious and believed she caused her mothers death so was therefore despised, no one wanted her around at all. Unfortunately for Adeline she didn’t really have any parents, her father loathed her as she had supposedly killed his beloved wife, and now she no longer had a mother so she was taken care of by her Aunt Baba who lived with the family at the time. Aunt Baba was the only real family Adeline had when she was young, but was grateful that she had an Aunt has wonderful as hers. A great moment I found in this book that showed the connection between Aunt Baba and Adeline and the close relationship that they have, was the time when Adeline came home from kindergarten one afternoon with a medal and a certificate, her Aunt was so proud of her and Adeline just seemed so excited and happy because for once she felt like someone cared for her. Her aunt opened her safe keep box that she kept secretly away and put the certificate away with the rest of her treasures. I think its wonderful how her Aunt cares for her niece like that when she doesn’t even have to, and it proves how much of a kind-hearted person Aunt Baba really is. Through out reading this book, I’ve noticed how Adeline changes, in the beginning she is a curious, smart and loving little girl, but towards the end of the story she gets a little more depressed and lonely. She is annoyed at the way her parents treat her but she puts up with it because she knows the consequences if she was to speak out. Adeline enjoyed being at school more than she enjoyed being at home, she felt like she belonged there and she loved it more than anything else. She was treated fairly and equally, everyone accepted her the way they accepted everyone else, she didn’t feel like an outcast or alone anymore. She was a very lively yet shy little girl and was loved by everyone she met except for her family of course. But then Adeline was then moved to live in Shanghai after her Nai-Nai passed away. When they arrived in Shanghai, Adeline was beginning to feel displaced again because she was forced to live on a different floor of the house than everyone else because Niang was now in charge again. This was when her life started to get worse and worse. Niang was handling Adeline’s life far more dreadful than anyone else’s. She made sure that Adeline and her siblings were punished terribly if they dare did something wrong. Adeline was getting quite upset about the way her parents were behaving towards her, but she handled it in her own way, just staying calm and quiet but raging inside, accepting that this was the way it was going to be. Adeline became happier when she joined sacred heart (sheng Xin) school in first grade. She made friends with a sporty and athletic girl named Wu chun mei and also became elected class president. Unlucky for Adeline, Niang didn’t like this at all because Adeline had actually achieved something on her own and Niang was realising how loved and appreciated she really was. Adeline was not permitted to have friends over or go to friends houses under her stepmothers instructions. She was only allowed to eat whatever was put in front of her at dinner times and was not allowed snacks in-between meals. She could not enter certain parts of the house without permission and she was forbidden to talk to fourth brother and little sister. An easier way of putting that, is that Niang did not approve of Adeline having fun of any kind. But this made Adeline stronger and more independent, as she learnt to do things on her own that other children normally would do with their parents. I don’t think she liked being left out and treated differently when she’s at home but she learned to cope with it and in a way she sort of had her own little world around her where she would dream of things that she would never be able to do in real life that way she could still keep herself hopeful and entertained. She has a very vivid imagination and is smart and brave. She was always top of the class and received a ton of awards for best academic student. Her classmates looked up to her but she never seemed to understand why. She thought of herself as a poor, dirty unloved child because that was the influence she was getting from her family, but her friends and her Aunt and grandfather believed that she would go places one day. When she was younger, her goal was to get her Parents and her family to love her and appreciate her but after she had won so many awards and certificates then she realised what potential she had and started to focus on her studies a bit more. Her grandfather enlightened her on the all of the amazing possibilities and opportunities in the world and how she could also have them someday if she worked hard enough. She changed a lot when Ye-Ye passed away, she grew more and more intelligent and hardworking as she was determined to make her grandfather proud. She had a lot of encouragement and a lot of discouragement through the years but she chose to listen to the people that were cheering her on, like her grandfather and her Aunt Baba and Wu chun-mei, because she, just like anyone else, would obviously decide to follow the rewarding and successful path in life. Adeline decides that since her childhood has been a mess and a disaster she doesn’t want it to carry on this way so she is doing good things in her life and makes a change. She wins the play writing competition and dedicates her play to Ye-Ye and gets the opportunity of a lifetime to attend school in England with her brother. I could only Imagine how excited and overwhelmed she must’ve been when she heard that her father was so proud of her. She reached both of her goals in life which made her very pleased with herself and her outstanding achievements. One thing I learnt from Adeline Yen Mah is that no matter how hard it is, and no matter how tough life might seem, as long as you try your best it all pays off in the end. Chapter 15: Boarding School in Tianjin Without explaining where she was going, Niang and her father drove her to St. Joseph’s School, where she previously attended kindergarten. She was there again, but this time as a boarder. Sadly, when her father had to fill out papers for the flight to Tianjin, he couldn’t remember her name or her birth date. Neither her father or Niang said good-bye. The next morning she woke up in the bright room and met Nancy Chen, who was in the bed next to her. Nancy’s mother asked what was wrong with Adeline’s parents leaving a child alone in a dangerous situation—the Communists would soon be invading. That explained to Adeline why the large school only had a couple of hundred students. After a few months, Adeline remained the only student at St Josephs. All the students had fled with their families to escape the communists. Adeline hoped that she would wake up one morning and her parents were there to collect her to take her home, but then she didn’t know if that would be worse. The way her family just left her there all by herself is appaulling and it’s a very memorable moment in the book for me because I think that if I was in Adeline’s situation, I would be extremely terrified. No one there to play with or talk to, that would drive me crazy. The anxiety of worrying when the communists were going to come along and take you away. Sitting there alone everyday curious to know if anyone actually cared about you anymore, if you were even remembered? When her father forgot her name, that was probably the worst thing a parent could’ve done, whilst on his way to dropping her off at boarding school forever. I felt terrible for Adeline, she has never had her parents there to support her and her father doesn’t even know her name or birthday. A life without loving Parents is possibly the worse life you could have. You need your mum to read you bed time stories and tuck you into bed at night and you need your dad to teach you how to ride a bike and be proud of you. She still has parents but if they are willing to leave you at a boarding school all by yourself when there are soldiers coming, then I don’t think they make good parents at all. The worst part about this chapter is when she is playing with a basketball in the playground by herself, and a teacher runs into the playground and calls to Adeline â€Å" Adeline your Aunt is here to take you back to Hong Kong with her on her ship†. She was standing there with her heart racing 1000 beats per second thinking is it true? Could she really be here? The one person Adeline cares about, has come to rescue her, this is like a dream come true for her. She sprints across the playground as fast her tiny feet could carry her, and stops to find a stranger. She would‘ve been so confused, isn’t this meant to be my Aunt? She is thinking. The disappointment would’ve been unbearable. Gone from being so excited to the biggest let down ever in a second. Even I was getting excited for her, I thought wow this could be her chance to escape and start fresh, with her lovely Aunt the one that has always been her best friend. I instantly imagined her and her Aunt Baba on a beautiful ship sailing across the sea far away from everyone else. But then everything changed, when I read on to see that it was Niangs Sister and then I got a whole different picture in my head, of poor Adeline living the rest of her life away in a dark and dingy dungeon taking orders from the dreadful Niang again. It started to feel like she actually was Cinderella. I thought that was one of the most dreadful parts of this whole story. It felt like it was the part where Adeline was forgotten and abandoned. If that was to ever happen to me one day, I would be grateful that I read Chinese Cinderella because I would do exactly what Adeline did, hope, pray and try my hardest to reach success.

Kosovo Independence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kosovo Independence - Essay Example Social order and political progress in most societies emerge from the interplay of the way social institutions are managed and run, as well as its overall relation with social forces. As a result, most societies become victims of social and political conflict when social institutions fail per se to regulate the social behaviors of diverse population and interest groups (Raeder p.1). Kosovo gained independence in 2008 when major international states recognized and ratified its charter for statehood. The culmination of Kosovo independence came about after witnessing one of the worst political conflicts that disintegrated the larger Yugoslavian nation. The post-independence Kosovo has become of great interest to many political analysts who in various capacities evaluates the interplay of social and political forces, together with their ability to motivate conflict in the society. Therefore, it is important to evaluate post-Kosovo independence within the major social and political stages proposed in Edmund Burke theory. Stage 2: Society becomes divided by the change (Independence) Kosovo has various political parties, but the two leading parties are the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDP) and the Democratic League of Kosovo, with former being the largest and newest, which also reigns in the country, and the latter being the second largest party and the oldest party in the country. These two parties are predominantly composed and supported by the Albanians, with the Serbians, who are the second largest community being represented by the Independent Liberal party. Independence is associated with changes that political leaders and other interest groups envision for the new society. On large scale and even smaller, the independence changes may be the source of discontent and subsequently some people, groups, and civil society may be opposed to the new changes. Edmund Burke observes that society in this stage manifest some level of discontent that eventually results into social, political, and cultural divisions. As a result, the people together with discontent groups may become vocal in speaking against the changes proposed or carried out by the new power and this form of opposition may be in words or violence. Immediately after Kosovo was declared independent in 2008, internal discontent and discomfort between two major ethnics Serbs and Albanians emerged, which led to violent incidents in the Northern Mitrovica in December 2008 (Notholt p.33). Despite this independence, the two communities have always been in conflict, with the Serbs feeling ill-treated by the majority Albanians to an extent that they have always advocated for separation of the assembly among ethnic lines. The violence continued up to the first few weeks of 2009. At the same time, during April 2009, there was ethnic conflict between Serbs and Albanians again this time due to returning Albanians families to their homes in North Mitrovica. The gravity and intensity of these violent protests were eased by the intervention of Kosovar police and KFOR troops after a few days. What surveys have revealed is that in the larger Kosovar state, there is still dissatisfaction among the population about the economic, social and political progress (Eifler and Seifert p.157) and the blame of the population has shifted from UNMIK to the Kosovo government. People see the government as doing little to rectify and make their life better. In post-independence period, Kosovo cannot be described to have succumbed to this stage of independence and conflict as proposed by Edmund Burke. What can be said is that social, economic, and political divisions in the country have to be addressed through restructuring of economic, social, and political aspects that are framed on an inclusive

Cross Cultural Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Cross Cultural Management - Essay Example The diversity management programs are aimed at creating a welcoming organizational environment. Without the diversity management programs in workplaces there would be trouble within the organization in terms of employee relations and general performance of the company. This is because the policies in place do not accommodate people of diverse cultures. For example, an employee may have different sexual orientation from the one that is permitted within the policies of the organization. The employee in question may be good and productive, but since the organization cannot accommodate the culture, the employee is forced to lose the job. Cox (2001) notes, â€Å"The challenge of diversity is not simply to have it but to create conditions in which its potential to be a performance barrier is minimized and its potential to enhance performance is maximized. (P.10). The main reasons that make companies adapt to the cultural diversity of their personnel are to give individuals equal opportuni ties, compensatory justice, equality in the workplace, increase talent pools , competitive advantage, and to make good business sense. Solutions to questions Give individuals equal opportunities Adapting to the cultural diversity of personnel is aimed at giving equal opportunities to individuals. ... This can lead to a loss-loss situation in that, the individual will lose the job and the company may miss the opportunity to recruit a competent employee. Compensatory justice The companies encourage diversity in workplaces†to overcome historical discrimination against specific groups of people to compensate those who have been intentionally and unjust fully wronged (kellough, 2006; Valasquez, 2005).These specific groups of people may have been discriminated due to their race, ethnicity and sexual orientation. Compensatory justice is another way of improving the corporate image and enhancing equality within the organization. This is most people like to be employed by the companies that have improved both their formal and informal structures to accommodate them. This is because everyone wishes to work in an environment in which they feel safe and adequately represented. Promotion of equality in workplace Having policies and structures that support diverse cultures is an effectiv e way of promoting equality in a workplace. This creates the picture within the organization that no culture is given preference over the other. All cultures are treated equally. The equity has not been achieved in most organizations. This is because most companies tend to exclude the majority group and give special attention to the minority group. This still does not achieve equality as the majority group becomes the discriminated group. Cultural diversity management not only refers to the groups that have been looked down upon, but to the â€Å"mixture of differences, similarities and tensions that can exist among the elements of a pluralistic mixture† (Thomas, 2005, P.93). Increased talent

'Mon coeur s'ouvre ta voix' from Saint-Sans' Samson et Dalila Essay

'Mon coeur s'ouvre ta voix' from Saint-Sans' Samson et Dalila - Essay Example The skill to read and understand written music is not dependent of how an individual understands or enjoy the genre but how the composer uses the written words to reveal the meaning or pass the message to the audience. The composer has employed the use of melody in the opera to bring about its smoothness for the audience to listen and enjoy. The rising and lowering of the pitch between each verse regulates its frequency hence the intervals makes it romantic as intended by the composer. The musical instruments used also give the music its melodic range in that they break the tonal variation of the singer thus making the music acquire the medium voice. The tonality of the opera has been organized such that the central tone after every verse brings the audibility. This makes it possible for the audience to hear every word sung by the soloist without straining to get the words. Besides tonal variation in the music, the composer has also used texture to interweave the melodic to harmonize the music structure. The timbre in the song gives a clear distinction for the audience to get the words and message from the song. The composer as employed tis element enlighten the audience as they get to hear every word from the opera. ... Repetition use by the composer for instance in the ending stanza â€Å"Pour out to me the drunkenness!† of each verse in the song has enabled it attract the attention of the audience. It also gives minds satisfaction of the message. The change expected for the audience after listening to this opera gives them that interest to express their feedbacks on how the composition is compared to other songs of the same genre. This sustains audience interest of wanting to listen more and more of the song. The rhythmic pattern of the music is irregular such that the composer had to pause at every stanza to gasp air to enable easy aptitude of the next line in the music. This briefly depicts the emotional nature and feelings of the performer. Hence, emphasis on the note is long and short at some stanzas to let out the accent in rhythm. The tempo of the music is medium since it is emotional and the composer wanted to depict or show much sorrowful the genre is to the performer. This is also accompanied by the perfemer dramatic moves on stage. The use of minimal stage tells the audience that that the feeling in the song is no joke and thus a serious matter, which ought to be put in consideration. The composer in collaboration with people playing the instruments have enabled a constant flow of the instruments hence making the meter of the beats to be in pattern with the words in that the beats are not faster or slower than the words of the soloist as the performance continues on stage. The poetic license employed by the composer in the making of the opera music helps in the syllabic flow of the stanzas hence making the written work singable to any audience. Thus, brings out the thematic concept of the composer to the present audience. The alliteration of the consonant sounds

Kalaipahoa, Poison God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kalaipahoa, Poison God - Essay Example The tree from which the woodcarving came was called the Kalaipahoa tree and perhaps this is where the name of the Hawaiian god Kalaipahoa originated. Certainly, Kalaipahoa, Poison God is a work of art at least going by the principles and elements of art. Perhaps it is appropriate to start by mention the fact that the Hawaiians produced this piece of art in order to construct their identity when it came to worship and other religious issues. This meant that the people of Hawaii in used to worship their god in a unique way that no other ethnic group did. This was particularly so in the sense that the Hawaiians had a sense of identity in their god of poison while other tribes worshipped their gods in the mountains and the oceans. Additionally, the Hawaiians constructed their god with human hair thus they strategically essentialized themselves to survive their cultural identity and draw more powerful supernatural support since its style, iconography, and underline message conveyed such. When it comes to the background of the work, the Hawaiian woodcarvers constructed the pieces of art for religious purposes and they made sure that Kalaipahoa was carved out of the Kalaipahoa tree that was considered very poisonous to humans. Mainly, the tree was collected from Molokai Island before being transported to the woodcarvers. Essentially, the people of Hawaii were well versed with all kinds of poisonous trees and they put this knowledge into good use by utilizing it in wars and in worship. Although the Kalaipahoa tree was very famous for its medicinal value, its poisonous nature proved to be unbearable at times and could kill humans within seconds of inhalation or contact. Finally but equally important, it is worthy to note that Kameharnehas poison-god, who was also called Kalai-pahoa, was a female carved out of wood with human hair. Her facial expression depicted anguish with one eye shut whiles the other one wide open. She seemed to be looking at the

Indian Bronze Sculpture at the Art Institute Chicago Essay

Indian Bronze Sculpture at the Art Institute Chicago - Essay Example In that sense, Shiva is also the deity of reproduction. Because of the association with death and anger, Shiva is the most-feared god in Hindu religion and at the same time, is the epitome of love and salvation. Shiva is also the Mahayogi, the greatest ascetic who through his intense meditation breaks the barriers for the river Ganga to flow down to the plains from his abode in Mount Kailash in the Himalayas. His love for his consort, Parvati, is intense and depicts the tense relationship between man and woman (1stholic). The symbolism in Shiva's physical features depicts the earthly life cycle. The torrent of the Ganga river that Shiva brings about through his meditation flow as Shiva's locks of hair, thereafter transforming into the seven big rivers in the land. Among the physical attributes of Lord Shiva, other than the cobra (symbolizing worldly forces), a skull (implying Shiva as lord of finale) and the mermaid Ganga also find the falcate moon (the container of the holy nectar). Shiva wears two earrings - the right ear has a Linga or male earring and the left ear has a Yoni or female earring. The image, in other words, is androgynous and includes both male and female. Shiva has four arms and two feet, the body carrying strap and ornaments of the classical dancer. Rising out of Apasmara is the "circle of fire" (the Prabha Mandala), namely, the real circle of creation--this observed world where we are placed in. Lastly, the whole image sits on a lotus base, lotus being a symbol of cleanliness grow ing out of the dim waters of the mysterious (Objectives For Myths, indiana.edu). Shiva, the lord of the Lingam (or sexuality), the husband of Shakti-Devi (or Parvati), is also Nataraja, King of Dance, who transforms man into a higher level. In Hindu philosophy, dancing is considered as an art form in which the dancer is metamorphosed into a being gifted with extraordinary powers. The dance, like yoga, generates daze, elation, the experience of the celestial, the self- realization ("atmanam biddhi") and, lastly, uniting with the godly spirit. The dance, in Hindu societies, has grown along with the remarkable rigors of the meditation - fasting, breathing exercises, total withdrawal. To work magic upon others, one has to be fascinated oneself and dance is an act of creation, resulting in a new state and taking the dancer to a new and higher persona, stirring dormant energies to mold the world (Zimmer, Philosophies of India). The typical Nataraj is shown with four hands, two on either side, the upper left hand gripping a flame, the lower left hand indicating down to the devil Muyalaka, or dwarf (Apasmara) symbolizing unawareness, shown to be holding a cobra. The demon is trampled by Shiva's right foot and the other foot is lifted. The upper right hand clutches a drum, the lower one is in the abhaymudra ('be without fear'). The hair is plaited and jeweled, some of his locks reeling as he dances; inside the crinkles of his hair are a coiled cobra, a skull, and the form of Ganga, the Hindu holy river. The whole figure stands on a lotus plinth bordered by a ring of flames, touched by the hands gripping the drum and the fire (Coomaraswamy, 1957). The dance represents five activities: Shrishti (creation, progress); Sthiti (conservation, maintainence); Samhara (annihilation,

Various Factors Involved in Employee Performance Essay

Various Factors Involved in Employee Performance - Essay Example Also, in today's business community, there is far more focus on customer satisfaction. Performance appraisal (PA) is an important part of any organization, but according to human resources consultant John Drake, it seldom improves employee performance and sometimes even has a negative effect (1). Within any company, documentation is necessary for legal purposes, for feedback, corporate planning, employee development, and salary administration. Structure is needed in a PA plan, but it must be set up in a way that will help an employee understand and try to meet company goals and will best reflect the company's identity in the marketplace (Introduction). In the management process, it is necessary for a company to develop an initial plan for performance appraisal by meeting with a new employee and having a discussion that addresses key job responsibilities, a common understanding of company goals and objectives, the most important competencies needed, and an appropriate individual development plan (Grote 2.1). It is not enough just to pass out a manual, as has been the case in the past, and expect the employee to follow it. Without this initial discussion, further appraisal of the employee's attributes cannot be honestly determined. If an employee understands at the outset what is expected, his or her evaluation at different intervals will offer a more realistic appraisal of the employee's development. Once a performance appraisal method has been developed, the various factors that influence performance can be evaluated. With the current development of what might be called virtual organizations, it is employee relations, market relations and various hybrids of these two units that make up the overall performance factors for employees in today's global companies. Strict working hours and a single workplace have given way to a workforce that might be working from home or on the road as well as in the office itself. In the virtual marketplace, the physical employee becomes a combination of internal and external employees at different levels of training and expertise. In determining an appraisal method that takes all of this into consideration, it is necessary to recognize the factors that have not worked in the past and to replace them with positive factors based on a changing business arena. The boundary between organizations and the marketplace is changing as employees become more i nvolved in organizational structure. Labor agreements and internal company rulebooks are giving way to service contracts in companies that are beginning to depend on information technology (Huiskamp & Kluytmans). With the Internet bringing customers into the mix, changing expectations call for a more fluid method of appraisal based on individual performance within a flexible time frame, and in a global economy, changes are inevitable and ongoing. Factors Influencing Employee Performance From Negative to Positive: 1) Monetary incentives - According to Drake (14), "you cannot expect a performance appraisal to improve performance when it is also linked directly to rewards (salary or promotion)." Drake sets forth a situation in which a plant manager is limited in his ability to get a salary increase for an employee unless he rates the employee at least at "5" on a scale of 1-7, which means a rating of "outstanding." If the

Trade and environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Trade and environment - Essay Example Rules formed by one party can frustrate the other in fact there is an existing fear that trade rules may be frustrating the environmental ones. This essay focuses on the question whether trade rules override the environmental ones. The non-discrimination principle by WTO may not favorable to restrictions that may be imposed by environmental rules. The principle requires countries to offer equal treatment to products that are alike imported from any WTO member country. If in a certain region the trade of such a product poses a threat to the environment, then terms of trade are likely to change once such a region is faced with environmental rules. To some extent the WTO is considered superior based on its scope of coverage, this has left the negotiations on the trade and environmental rules to be narrowed down to only the WTO members that have signed the Multilateral Environmental Agreement under consideration. Further the majority MEA secretariats have been granted ‘observership’ in the trade and environment committee and some attend the committee’s negotiation sessions by invitation. (Frankel, Jeffrey 2008). This may be attributed to the fact that there is no such a thing as an empowered global environmental body spearheading their concerns to their trade partners on issues that affect them. The benefits of trade which majorly includes steering economic growth, together with technology transfer and promoting competition outweigh the danger of adverse effects to the environment. It is also notable that trade may lead to environmental improvements, but it may also make states or firms to seek gaining advantage over their competitors by observing lower environmental standards. To many environmentalists this poses a potential source of conflict between trade and environmental rules and presents a hindrance to the goals that they want to achieve noting the climatic changes we

MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words - 1

MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS - Essay Example Relational exchanges are supported by more frequent communication activity. McDonalds is one of the largest fast food chains in the world with more than 30,000 restaurants across the world (Sweney 2004). It operates in innumerable markets, in different countries and cities and thus caters to consumers with different cultures, backgrounds, languages and tastes. Thus its marketing communication plan is not standardised and needs tailoring for different markets. Previously McDonalds focused primarily on the US and thus the marketing communication was similar in all the regions as the market characteristics were the same. However, argue Brinkman and Brinkman (2002) as the US market saturated, challenges increased as McDonalds surged new markets abroad. Though the marketing mediums are similar in all the countries, however, as per Fill (2006), the extent to which communication medium is used depends upon the market exposure to that medium. As Brinkman and Brinkman (2002) explain, it realised that it could not appeal to all the countries together so it adopted the ‘brand globally, act locally’ strategy to communicate its messages. For instance according to Douglas, in China, the trend is that when consumers watch TV, the in-between advertisements between programs are generally ignored. Thus keeping this in mind, McDonalds thought that it was a waste to spend large sums of money on TV commercials and thus it concentrated on print m edia in China. At the same time, adds Cheung (2006) the few TV commercials it ran in the country featured more male kids than female, as it is a male dominated society. In East Asia, as Schultz and Philip (1999) exemplify, McDonalds concentrates on TV commercials and features children in them to optimise the results. To retain the attention of customers in the US, McDonalds employed the interactive method of advertising via television where the viewers could participate in a competition

Assignment Essay Example for Free

Assignment Essay 1) By creating a new position between the CEO and the location managers the position can deal with the day to day tasks and operations needed for the store to operate properly. This will allow Dalman and Lei to spend less time assisting the location managers. By Dalman and Lei efficiently delegating the work, they will be able to spend more time on the strategic aspect of building and growing the business. 2) Both hiring within as well as seeking someone from the outside have their advantages and disadvantages. By hiring within the person who moves up is already working for the company as well as be familiar with some the needs and goals of the business. The negative aspect of hiring within would be possible issue with jealousy among co-workers. The advantage to hiring from outside you get the advantage of a fresh set of eyes coming in and seeing things from different perspectives. The disadvantage would be that they would not be familiar with the company and how it works. 3) Both Dalman and Lei should make the decisions. As the owners of the business they should be the ones deciding how they want their business ran. Dalman is currently playing and active role in this position as is, this should help them determine what they may want to change about how it is currently being ran. This would allow for a nice transition in to the change. Weather Dalman and Lei decide to hire from within in or find someone from the outside; it should be a joint decision that takes the growth of the business into full consideration when making the choice. 4) The levels of authority that Sandwich Blitz Inc have including the new position would be: CEO, CFO, Staff accountant, Operation manager, Site Managers, Team supervisor, Customer associate.

Inattentional Blindness: Cell Phone Use while Walking

Inattentional Blindness: Cell Phone Use while Walking Holly Schwartz How is walking affected by the use of cell phone created inattentional blindness? In a case study conducted on the campus of Western Washington University in 2009, cell phone use was compared to those students walking alone or in pairs, in order to compare their attention to their surrounding environments. Prior to the experiment, it was already noted that cell phone users were 21.3% more likely to weave and 29.8% more likely to change direction, then stay on a straight path across the chosen square on the campus (Hyman, Boss, Wise, McKenzie, Caggiano, 2009). The experiment took it further by incorporating a clown on a unicycle, adorned in purple clothing, large feet, and a red nose. As the students finished crossing the square, the interviewers asked two questions of them. First, if they had noticed anything out of the ordinary (Hyman, Boss, Wise, McKenzie, Caggiano, 2009). Second, if there had been a clown (Hyman, Boss, Wise, McKenzie, Caggiano, 2009). In this particular study, out of those using cell phones, only 25% had actually seen the gentleman on the un icycle (Hyman, Boss, Wise, McKenzie, Caggiano, 2009). That would mean that at least 75% of those users experienced inattentional blindness as an effect of their use of cell phones (Hyman, Boss, Wise, McKenzie, Caggiano, 2009). During their crossing, the weaving and changing of direction, as well as their slower gait, probably led to the blindness, as their attention was not focused in one direction. In fact, individuals who have divided their cognitive needs are generally unaware of their environmental stimuli. It is theorized that cell phone use drains attentional resources, which in turn leads to inattentional blindness (Hyman, Boss, Wise, McKenzie, Caggiano, 2009). Unicycling clown [Digital image]. (2013, July 3). Retrieved March 26, 2017, from https://westerntoday.wwu.edu/content/professor-to-discuss-cell-phone-use-and-inattentional-blindness-oct-24 What are the effects of cell phone use while driving in reference to inattentional blindness? Most people may agree on the fact that texting on a cell phone while driving is not conducive to a safe driving experience, either for the person driving or the general public around them. What is not generally agreed upon is the talking while driving, whether hands on or hands free. In American society, there is a common belief that a person can successfully multitask, when in reality this is not a successful endeavor if that person would like to accomplish all tasks at an optimal level. The brain cannot multitask well (National safety council, 2012). In the example of driving and talking on a cell phone, vision is greatly affected. While driving, the driver gathers most of their information through visual cues. Road signs, traffic signals, and other drivers, all give information to the person driving in order to make safe driving decisions. In recent studies of cell phone use and driving, statistics have shown that at least 50% of the visual information provided to drivers while un der the influence of cell phone use, are both looked at but remain unseen (National safety council, 2012). This indicates cognitive distracted inattentional blindness occurs regularly among these users. It is contributed to an attentional withdrawal from visual information where the compensation of too much information to the brain is shown by the brains decision to to send some of that information to memory (National safety council, 2012). Since the information is not there, then the drivers are unaware that there was any information to begin with. The distracted drivers may look forward through the windshield, but their view is narrowed from the entire environment (National safety council, 2012). Understanding the distracted brain [Digital image]. (2011, June 11). Retrieved March 26, 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/kulkarniprasann/understanding-the-distracted-brain References: Â   Hyman, I.E., Boss, M., Wise, B.M., McKenzie, K.E., Caggiano, J.M. (2009, October). Did You See the Unicycling Clown? Inattentional Blindness while Walking and Talking on a Cell Phone. Applied cognitive psychology, 24(), 597-607. doi:10.1002/acp.1638 National safety council. (2012). Understanding the distracted brain. Retrieved from http://www.nsc.org/DistractedDrivingDocuments/Cognitive-Distraction-White-Paper.pdf

Brain Development And The Process Of Learning Languages Psychology Essay

Brain Development And The Process Of Learning Languages Psychology Essay A baby speaks directly to the camera: Look at this. Im a free man. I go anywhere I want now. He describes his stock-buying activities, but then his phone interrupts. Relentless! Hang on a second. He answers his phone. Hey, girl can I hit you back? That scenario has been very common in commercials and movies throughout the past 15 years in which the majority of viewers perceive it as unrealistic and very comical. Joshua Hartshorne published a article called Why Dont Babies Talk Like Adults? in Scientific American Mind which attempts to answer the question: Why dont young children express themselves articulately? Researchers are uncovering clues about the brain development and the mysterious process of learning a language by attempting to answer the question: Why dont young children express themselves articulately?, in which they have discarded the copycat theory. Which states that infants learn to express themselves articulately by copying what they hear. In other words infants will listen to the words that are used by adults in several situations and later on imitate them accordingly. But adults have not been expressing them in one word sentences or even in short sentences. Therefore, the copycat theory does not explain why toddlers are not fluent as adults, but brings us to a very critical question why do infants speak in one-word sentence? Over the past century scientists have settled on two reasonable possibilities. First theory is called Mental Development Hypothesis which states that infants speaks in one word or short sentences because their brains are still immature and much undevelo ped. Therefore, they cannot dominate adult speech. The supporting argument is that infants do not learn to walk until their body is ready; likewise, they will not speak multiword sentences or use word ending and function words before their brains is capable of doing so. The second theory is called Stages of Language hypothesis, which states that speech is an incremental step progress. A basketball player his or her jump shot before learning to both jump and shoot, and children learn to add and then multiply, never in the reverse order. For instance, in a 1997 review article published by two cognitive scientists, Elizabeth Bates of University of San Diego and Judith C. Goodman from University of Columbia found that kids usually begins speaking in two word sentences only after they have learned a certain amount of single words. In other words children must cross a linguistic threshold so the word combination process can be developed. The differences between both theories are: Mental D evelopment Hypothesis states the patterns in language learning should depend on a childs level of cognitive development and Stages of Language Hypothesis states that learning language patterns are not dependable on the brain development. However, to prove which has hypothesis is correct has been extremely difficult because most children learn language at around the same age, thus in similar stages of cognitive development. But 2007 Harvard neuroscientists Jesse Snedeker, Joy Garen and Clarissa L. Shafto found an ingenious way around the problem. They studied the language development of 27 children adopted from China between the ages of two and five years. International adoptees are ideal population in which to test the competing hypothesis about how language is learned because many of them are no longer exposed to their birth language after arrival in U.S and they must learn English similar way infants do, by listening and by trial and error. Even though those international children had a more mature brain, just as American born infants, their first English sentences consisted of single words and were largely bereft of function words, word endings and verbs. The researchers also found that adoptees and native children started combining words in sentences when their vocabulary reached the same size. Therefore, it suggests that what is relevant is not how old a child is or how mature their brains are but the number of words they know. The finding that having a more mature brain does not avoid the toddler talk stage suggests that infants speaks in one word sentences or even short sentence not because they have a infant brain but because they having only initiated the process of learning an language. In fact they must accrue sufficient vocabulary to be able to expand their conservations. In conclusion infants do not express themselves as adults because language development is a gradual process. Therefore, Stages of Language Hypothesis is the most supported theory. The article Why Dont babies Talk Like Adults By Joshua Hartshorne was published Scientific American Mind. Scientific American Mind has been bringing its readers unique insights about developments in science and technology for more than 160 years therefore I had curiosity analyze the information that has been shared with so many readers throughout years. The structure of the article was not very organized. I had to read the article more than once so I could identify theories of language development therefore the structure of his article made it difficult for the reader to identify his main arguments. Although, Hartshorne does very good job in introducing, explaining and concluding each theory. He also provides his reader with a scientific research conducted by Harvard neuroscientists that analysis The Adoption Effect. He should have explained a little more in depth about experiment procedures so the readers could know how it was conducted. Also in his conclusion he does not tie the hi s final arguments to the initial question: Why dont young children express themselves articulately? But he leaves it to the reader to tie it together. I did not agree to the sentence: Behaviorism, the scientific approach that dominated American cognitive science for the first half of the 20th century, made exactly this argument. It is very inaccurate to claim that behaviorism ever dominated cognitive science because Cognitive science is one approach to the study of human behavior, Behaviorism another approach. He should have explained more in depth that cognitive science which is normally chosen to contrast with the approach taken by behaviorists, who preferred to study behavior without recourse to such notions as thought or the mind. Future research made me acknowledge that behaviorism and cognitive science co-exist, with behaviorism being the elder approach by fifty years or so. Overall, his article was informative and correct although should have been more scientific. Joshua Hart shorne also did not go into the mechanical or scientific area of language Development therefore it provoked me to research the topic more into depth which seems to be the purpose of Scientific Mind articles.

Beloved and Numerology Essay -- essays papers

Beloved and Numerology In literature, numbers are used to communicate important messages to the reader. The author uses references to numbers to strengthen the important ideas of the novel. In many cultures numbers carry an important or significant meaning to them. These numbers can carry a meaning more efficiently than using only words. In Beloved, Toni Morrison uses references to numbers to emphasize the significant ideas of the novel. Morrison uses these numbers to represent the persistence of slavery brought upon in Sethe’s life, her children’s life, Paul D.’s life, and Baby Suggs life, after slavery has ended. These references to numbers are important because they show how these characters are affected after it has ended. Through physical means, through the actions of these characters, and through psychological means of these characters, Morrison shows the haunting continuation and aftereffects of slavery. In many novels the first sentence is the most important sentence in the novel. The first sentence can set the way for the remainder of the novel. In Beloved the first sentence, and first word of the entire novel uses numbers. Because numbers are used first, before any words, I find that the references to numbers are very important. 124 is in the first sentence on the first page. The sentence states, â€Å"124 WAS SPITEFUL† (Morrison 3). This sentence is in all capital letters and also bold print. This shows an importance that this reference to numbers has on the novel. This number used on the page sets up the haunting story of slavery in one particular black household. The number refers to the house number in which the main characters live in. This house, 124, is haunted by the ghost of the baby of the main ch... ...acters, through physical aspects and through psychological aspects. 124 and the two different representations of Beloved is the physical aspect of enslavement. The different actions of the characters that live in 124 represent the replay of roles of slavery. And the trinity represents a psychological aspect to show these characters still think, mentally, that they are slaves. The references to numbers also let the characters realize that they should not feel enslaved anymore. Because of the numbers that Morrison it both ties the characters directly back to act and think as a slave, and the numbers let the characters know that they should not be enslaved any longer. Morrison uses the references to numbers to strengthen the idea that the haunting continuation of slavery persisted even after slavery ended. Works Cited Morrison, Toni. Beloved. New York: Plume, 1988

Comparing the Epic of Gilgamesh Flood Myth and Book of Genesis Biblical

Comparing the Gilgamesh and Genesis Floods      Ã‚  Ã‚   The rendition of the historic, worldwide Flood recorded in Genesis of the Old Testament is similar to the account recorded on Tablet 11of the Sumero-Babylonian version of the epic of Gilgamesh, discovered in the 1800’s by British archaeologists in Assyria. Let us compare the two in this essay.    Alexander Heidel in his book, The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels, provides a background for the survivor of the Sumero-Babylonian Flood, Utnapishtim:    Utnapishtim was the son of Ubara-Tutu, the Otiartes, or, rather, Opartes of Berossus. According to Berossus, the deluge hero was the tenth Prediluvian king in Babylonia. Also in the Sumerian inscription he is referred to as king; there he occupies also a priestly office, viz., that of the administrator of the temple provisions of a certain god. In the Gilgamesh epic, Utnapishtim is not invested with any royal power or entrusted with any priestly office; from it we learn simply that he was a citizen of Shurippak (Tablet XI:23) and a man of considerable wealth (XI:70ff). (227)    N.K. Sandars in the Introduction to his book, The Epic of Gilgamesh, sums up the involvement by the pagan gods in the Sumero-Babylonian Flood narrative:    In the Gilgamesh flood Ishtar and Enlil are as usual the advocates of destruction. Ishtar speaks, perhaps in her capacity as goddess of war, but Enlil prevails with his weapon of the storm. Only Ea, in superior wisdom, either was not present, or being present was silent, and with his usual cunning saw to it that at least one of the race of men should survive. (41)    Column 1 on Tablet 11 begins the Sumero-Babylonian Flood narrative (Gardner 226). The sage Utnap... ...nd his family to â€Å"be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth.† God promises that â€Å"never again shall there be a flood to destroy the earth.† The offering of sacrifice, and its acceptance by God – these are repeated in both accounts of the Flood.    WORKS CITED    Gardner, John and John Maier. Gilgamesh: Translated from the Sin-leqi-unninni version. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984.    Harris, Stephen L. â€Å"Gilgamesh.† The Humanist Tradition in World Literature. Ed. Stephen Harris. Columbus, OH: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co., 1970.    Heidel, Alexander. The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949.    Ignatius Holy Bible. Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1966.    Sandars. N. K. The Epic of Gilgamesh. New York: Penguin Books, 1972.   

Key Ingredients that Engendered the Protestant Reformation Essay

Since the foundations of the Christian faith, the Catholic denomination has consistently been the most powerful and largest church community. The Pope held supreme religious power over the world and eventually held position as an important governmental figure. Throughout the times of the Middle Ages and Renaissance the Roman Catholic Church was the central basis and concern for all people. They forced people to obey their laws and pay sums of money under the threat of possible excommunication if disobedience occurred. The civilians during these time periods were helpless against the church’s power; they could not read or even understand the services or teachings of the Bible, so they were forced to trust the Roman Catholic Church for all knowledge that was shared. However, despite the church’s great religious authority, disputes and lax practices had grown up within the church, but it was not until the invention of the printing press when the followers of the Roman Catholic Church began to recognize such discrepancies. The issues of the sales of indulgences and the elevating power of the Roman Catholic Church lead corruption further into the religious establishment, but due to the invention of the printing press and to the rise of individualism the Protestant Reformation continued to thrive. Before the introduction of indulgences, the Catholic Church practiced the orthodox routine of confessions. The sales of indulgences were created for the sinner to pay their debt out of purgatory, but not to replace the practicing of confessions. The public began rapidly using the sales of indulgences to pardon their sins, rather than attending confessions, but little did they know the profits were going to towards the construction of St. Peter’s Bastille. The sale of indulgences gradually began to be questioned. Were the sales of indulgences in compliance with the scriptures in the Bible? Martin Luther proved and additionally acknowledged that the sales of indulgences were not in scriptural compliance through the postings of his ninety-five theses, and thus revealing a large falsification within the exalted Roman Catholic Church. Beyond the sales of indulgences, no one could argue that the church was not  corrupt. Holding vast wealth, exercising enormous political power and waging war, it was administered by holders of patronage positions that had more interest in lining their pockets that in promoting the welfare of their religious community. The Catholic Church issued a strict set of rules for its followers to obey, but ironically, the church officials were seemingly unable to obey the rubles as well. The celibacy of priests began to be questioned. In Europe, bishops and the clergy often lived like aristocrats, and seemed part of the ruling elite. Corruption was widespread, for example: bishops were not undertaking religious duties, or even not living in their own administrative division. In France, the King rather than the Pope chose people for church positions. These practices for selection of church officials began to resemble the electing of a political figure rather than a church position. The image of the church was beginning to evolve with their power as it began to grow into a governmental house instead of a religious foundation. Unfortunately for the public, the perverse aspects within the church system were not discovered soon enough. It was not until the invention of the printing press that the public could for the first time read their own scriptures of the Bible. Furthermore, the new availability began allowing the readers to form their own religious beliefs and thereafter creating a new sense of individualism. Through the mass production of the Bible from the printing press the church was for the first time opposed by competition through the opinions of the people. They began to realize on their own the false and corrupted practices within the Roman Catholic Church. Thus, a vast majority of the worshipers in the Roman Catholic Church began to convert the teachings of Martin Luther. The public could now see the arguments that Luther made were creditable with scripture to induce them as well. Martin Luther appealed to the masses because he imposed a simple church. He said that the average person could have a relationship with God without going through the religious officials. Luther’s teachings were more applicable to the lifestyles of the common man and in a result the Protestant Reformation was launched. The Catholic Church could not suppress his actions because of the fact that the majority of the public was on his side. Finally, when Martin Luther posted his ninety-five theses he was not searching for a way to create a new protestant belief of religion or to begin a famous movement in history, he was simply surfacing his concerns with the Roman Catholic system. To Luther, indulgences were not right because there were no scriptures to back up the ideas. Eventually the public came to agree with him. The Roman Catholic Church most certainly supplied the ingredients to engender the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther simply acted on them and with the help of publication it was a success. But was the move of many from the Catholic to Protestant a long lasting success? No, over a long period of time many people that converted to Protestantism converted back to Catholicism, but despite this, the actions and reforms accomplished during the Protestant Reformation changed and affected many lives then and to come.

Describe the cognitive processes required when preparing for examinations

IntroductionThe aim of the present wall writing was to investigate and establish the cognitive paradees mixed in the prep ardness for exams. The paper covers the circumstance of cognitive psychology, discussing the key out faculties of cognitive affect. It therefore goes on to discuss the specific faculties of trouble and fund, as these were both fundamental appliances include in the literature when taking into news report the learning and memorisation of randomness. Discussion close to the cognitive processes complicated in of importtenance and w atomic number 18housing is incorporated in to the paper, and suggestions on how students can use cognitive techniques to set up the per markance of these cognitive processes whilst preparing for exams are subsumed. The paper concludes with the suggestion that the on the job(p) keeping prototype as designd by Baddeley & plosive consonant (1974) is the main cognitive process involved in exam cookery.The term cogniti on is derived from the Latin word cognoscere which when translated in to the English language, de nones the subject matter to know. Hence, cognitive psychology is touch on with the scientific study of homophile cognition. Processes such(prenominal) as perception, learning, judgement, conclusion devising and storehouse are some of the mechanisms that constitute as cognitive ability. The fundamental aim of questioners in the field of cognitive psychology is to bear witness how privates acquire and apply knowledge and reading to and from their environments (Lu & Dosher, 2007). Knowledge finished perception is deliver the goods by stylus of the five senses where varied positions of the entropy such as form and motion represent various divergent features of the stimuli (Livingstone & Hubel, 1988 Ungerleider & Mishkin, 1982 Julesz, 1971). The purpose of learning is to improve the reception of the private to their environment (Kandel, 1976 Estes, 1969). Thus, doneout th e psychological literature on cognitive processing, stress has been ground on the effect of prior experience and procedural knowledge on an persons performance (Roediger, 1990). The anxiety break of the cognitive process get bys training so that the principal operates efficiently without proper overloaded. This is done by dint of selective processing, whereby veritable pieces of culture are elected for processing. Additionally, the attendance faculty whitethorn also manage the in slay of simultaneous pieces of instruction by dividing and distributing the resources applied to them (Broadbent, 1957 Posner, 1980 Treisman, 1969). The judgement and decision fashioning faculty of cognitive processing is take for the individual to effectively perform a voluntary behaviour. The choice that the individual makes whitethorn be driven by tacit or explicit judgement and selection, implicating that the individual whitethorn have a advised or unconscious cause for their decisi on (von Neumann & Morgenstern 1944 Luce, 1959). Yet, the virtually developed aspect of cognitive psychology and the study of cognitive processes is the faculty of recollection board. Memory studies place grand emphasis on investigating the methods in which memories are acquired, stored and retrieved. look into provides indication that the mental ability of store is divided to perform separate duties such as retaining reading near the environment, procedures, skills and running the working retention mechanism (Cowan, 1995 Dosher, 1999). The essay at go on endeavours to discuss which cognitive processes are employed during preparation for an exam, with specific references to the caution and holding functions of the brain, as these are the ii functions that go hand in hand when retaining and recalling information (Cherry, 2014). The cleverness to process information selectively through attention, and retain information in a way in which is accessible through the working storehouse are two imperative aspects of cognitive capacity. While license indicates that attention plays little usage in the maintenance of information encoded in the retentivity (Fougnie, 2008), it has been suggested that there are strong link between the working repositing and attention faculties of the cognitive mind during the encoding and role process of knowledge acquisition (Cherry 2014 Fougnie, 2008). theory- base instances of the working memory commonly some(prenominal)ize a role for attention. However, between these antithetic postures, the exact role for attention has not been agreed on and remains mistily unclear, thus debates about which processing percentage point that attentional selection add ups (Fougnie, 2008). The most wide accepted model of memory is the working Memory molding proposed by Baddeley and Hitch in 1974. In this model, attention is the intermediator between sensory memory and the rally administrator, where sub functions such as t he phonological store and the visuospatial sketch pad, two presently term memory stores, capture perfectly term auditory and ocular information respectively. These are known as the striver systems and provide indicate as to how serviceman are able to multitask. According to the working memory model, the information from these slave systems are then transferred back to the central executive whereby they are encoded in the long-term memory (Fougnie, 2008). These findings provide an outline to which cognitive processes occur during exam preparation, where students attempt to retain information that they will later on retrieve. Yet, nurture research suggests that learning and retaining information for exams may be a to a greater extent obscure procedure than those outlined by memory models (Hill, 2009). Ebbinghaus (1885) investigated the method in which the retention and forgetting of information occur. The establishment of the forgetting curve provided perceptivity into how m emories propagate over a period of condemnation (Groome, Brace, Dewart, Edgar, Edgar, Esgate, Kemp, Pike & Stafford, 2006). Similarly, Bartletts figment Recall experiment (1932) lent insight to the notion that information is unavoidable to hold semantic value in regularise to be remembered (Groome, et al., 2006). Thus, according to Hill (2009), the most effective ways for students to memorise information for their exams is through repeating, polish and organisation. To further cypher on the suggestions of Ebbinghaus (1885), Bartlett (1932) and Hill (2009), researchers proposed several studies in sustenance. Ebbinghaus (1885) further stated that in enounce to avoid forgetting and enhance memory, repetition was significantly valuable. Making use of the minds voice, the phonological loop, the oscillation of learning and accurately recalling strengthens the memory, thus reservation exam preparation easier as slight time will be required to re-learn the material, hence why re vising for exams more than once improves recall (Hill, 2009). Moreover, in opt of Bartlett (1932), it has been found that information possessing semantic value is recalled more efficiently (Craik & Tulving, 1975 Ley, 1978). It may be hypothesised that the explanation of is deduced to the attention function of the working memory selecting meanful information in order to enhance the individuals performance based on prior learning and experience. Based on these findings, mnemonics may be suggested as an effective fiat tool, since associating information with vivid visual imagery and words has proven heighten recall (Bower, 1972). Furthermore, presenting information in a structured manner in which meaning is conveyed has been found to facilitate recall (Hill, 2009). By grouping or ordering materials in an organised manner, the individual will take advantage of the minds actual method of representing information semantically, thus making the information easier to encode and retrieve through memory. For ex good, Ley et al (1978) found that presenting medical information to patients in an organised and structured way improved their recall up to 25%. Thus, it is suggested that students adequately organise their learning materials in a semantic manner in order to prepare for their exams in the most resourceful way. Although the literature has provided rich evidence to have the notion that the memory and attention faculties play a major role in exam preparation, there are also relevant limitations in quest of addressing. The working memory model has been criticised as being invalid, as when new studies propose findings that do not fit with the stream working memory model, the working memory model is modified in order to accommodate the new findings. This makes it difficult to extrapolate the model or replace it with a new one, and indicates that any research findings based on the working memory model are void (Neath & Nairne , 1995). Moreover, the findings of Eb binghaus (1885) have been questioned, as the subject of his study was himself. Without any documental findings, researchers believe the results of the forgetting curve to be unreliable (Hill, 2009). Despite these criticisms, later research based on both the working memory model and the forgetting curve has successfully show new findings on the cognitive processes involved in memory (Groome, et al., 2006).In conclusion, the findings in the literature have lent ample support to the notion that exam preparation heavily relies on the cognitive processes of attention and memory. The literature has indicated that these two faculties work jointly in order to achieve long-term memory. Studies on the working(a) Memory Model have identified the specific roles of the two cognitive processes, and the literature has provided further support on how the working memory model is vital in exam revision through detailed descriptions of these functions. Studies on memory retention and forgetting h ave implicated that repetition, elaboration and organisation are the key skills that an individual needs to employ whist preparing for exams in order to maintain an optimal memory capacity for the revised information. Regardless of the limitations associated with the research done on memory, the working memory model still stands as a strong representative for the cognitive process involved in exam preparation.ReferencesBaddeley, A.D. & Hitch, G.J. (1974). Working memory, in G.H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of eruditeness and Motivation Advances in Research and Theory. Vol. VIII. 47-90, youthful York Academic Press. Bartlett, F.C. (1932). Remembering. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Bower, G.H. (1972). Mental imagery and associatory learning. In L. Gregg (Ed.), Cognition in development and Memory, 51-88. Broadbent, D. E. (1957) A mechanical model for human attention and immediate memory. psychological Review, 64. 205-215.Cherry, K. (2014). blow over 10 Memory Improvement T ips. Retrieved from http//psychology.about.com/od/cognitivepsychology/tp/memory_tips.htm Accessed 12/03/14Craik, F.I.M. & Tulving, E. (1975). Depth of processing and the retention of words in casual memory. diary of Experimental psychological science, General, 104. 268-294. Cowan, N. (1995) Attention and memory an integrated framework. New York Oxford University Press.Dosher, B.A. (1999) Item impediment and time delays in working memory Immediate serial recall. International Journal of Psychology Special Issue trivial term/working memory, 34. 276-284.Ebbinghaus, H. (1885). Uber das Gedachtnis. Untersuchungen zur experimentellen Psychologie. Leipzig Dunker & Humbolt. Estes, W. K. (1969) supporting in human learning. In J. Tapp (Ed.), accompaniment and expression. New York Academic Press.Fougnie, D. (2008). The Relationship surrounded by Attention and Working Memory. New Research on Short Term Memory. 1-45.Groome, D., Brace, N., Dewart, H., Edgar, G., Edgar, H., Esgate, A., Ke mp, R., Pike, G. & Stafford, D. (2006). An entre to cognitive psychology. Processes and disorders. Second Edition. East Sussex Psychology Press.Hill, G. (2009). AS & A Level Psychology Through Diagrams Oxford Revision Guides. Oxford Oxford University Press.Julesz, B. (1971). Foundations of cyclopean perception. dough University of Chicago Press.Kandel, E. R. (1976) Cellular basis of behavior An introduction to behavioural neurobiology. San Francisco W. H. Freeman. Livingstone, M.S. and Hubel, D.H. (1988) Segregation of form, colour, cause and depth Anatomy, physiology and perception. Science, 240. 740749.Ley, P. (1978) Memory for medical information. In Gruneberg, M.M., Morris, P.E. & Sykes, R.N. (eds) Practical Aspects of Memory. London Academic Press. Lu, Z.L. & Dosher, B.A. (2007). cognitive Psychology. Scholarpedia.2(8), 2769.Luce, D. R. (1959) Individual choice behavior a theoretical analysis. New York Wiley.Neath, I. & Nairne, J.S. (1995). Word distance effects in immediat e memory Overwriting the trace decay theory. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 2, 429-441. Posner, M.I. (1980). orient of attention. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 3-25.Roediger III, H. L. (2002) touch approaches to cognition The impetus from the levels-of-processing framework. Memory, 10. 319-332.Treisman, A. M. (1969) Strategies and models of selective attention. Psychological Review, 76. 282-299.Ungerleider, L.G. & Mishkin, M. (1982) In D.J. Ingle, M.A. Goodale, & R.J.W. Mansfield (Eds.). Analysis of visual behavior. Cambridge, MA MIT Press.von Neumann, J. & Morgenstern, O. (1944). Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, Princeton, NJ Princeton Univ. Press.

Life of Maya Angelou Essay

Maya Angelou was born an Afri nookie American. One would feel the agony she went by to be born as such and in America. Her granny was raped and bore a churl this child later came to be her mother. Similar to the ferocity her granny knot experienced, she was raped as a child by her mothers boyfriend who was later on killed by her uncles. Beca utilise of this, she didnt speak for al near 6 years afraid that her delivery had killed the man. This must be the dawn of her path to be a writer, realizing that rowing ar powerful.If it could kill then it could give brio as well. When her p atomic number 18nts divorced, her grandmother took good cargon of her and her chum salmon Bailey, younger and it was him who c everyed her Maya. She became many things a dancer, a line of merchandise car operator, a singer, a waitress, and where she flourished, a writer. The liberate of her c arer came when she went to Egypt and Ghana. She went back to America to support Malcolm Xs Organization of African American wiz but he was kill. The struggle of the race proceed as she supported Martin Luther King, Jr.who was also assassinated defending the African American cause, this made Maya Angelou devastated. She neer stopped working for the emancipation of the African Americans and act writing for equal rights and liberty. And so, in 1993, she read On the Pulse of Morning, at President William Jeffer discussion Clintons origin at the White House. Her words are worthy to the nation. Her words influence custody of power. Her tone is provoke which produced works that are priceless to the American volume close especi every last(predicate)y to the African Americans of whom she dedicated her efforts to for their emancipation.Angelous style of writing categorized her works in the genre of autobiographical fiction because of her writing styles in dialogues, characterization, development of theme, setting, plot of ground and language. But for her, these are only if autobi ographies. She speaks with her writing what she has learned or learnedness show up of life. In her interview with Mike Schneider in Bloomberg TV, she talked to all women as her daughters for her sacred scripture, Letter to My Daughter.She speaks to them how a cleaning woman surpasses an incident in life as she would, given a similar situation. She writes to all the women as her daughters, sharing with them her story like she was cardinal with them. In the poem, I agnize Why the Caged Birds Sing, one would feel between the lines how an African American feels in the land called America. The words are simple and to date powerful in the sense that it deeply triggers emotions from the reader. These are deep sentiments of an enslaved race, wanting to be salvage but the birds wings are nip.Feelings of being held while the other birds are free is something that she has undergone while the whites enjoy the liberty of being give of their race. A critic named Lupton, considered Angel ous writings as autobiographies for they contain the elements of such written by a single author, chronological, and they contain character, technique and them. Although, there are adjourns that are fictional, the elements necessary for an register are present. Angelou has the tendency to go to the direction against the convention of what an autobiography is.She used the first person singular, I in talking astir(predicate) we. She is placed among the African American autobiographists but other writers insist that she has created a divers(prenominal) kind of interpretation of the autobiographical form. The book, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, became an acclaim containing the sentiments of the black heap. She wrote it out of a challenge by Robert Loomis, her editor, for her to write tall art. African American writings is more than challenged in such that the authors fill to agree slightly the status of their writings on whether its game art.ONeale considers Angelous poetr y a more expected ghetto expressiveness and she also avoids a monolithic Black language. The bird was used as simile that is struggling to set itself free from its cage. The cage that incarcerates the beast represents oppression of the African American people. It must be emphasized as well that Angelou doesnt specialize to isolate the white people. She cherished to promote the relevancy of diligence so as to change the image of laziness among African Americans. At the latter part of the 1960s, one of her goals was to create a book that comfortable the criteria, organic unity.According to English literature scholar Valerie Sayers, her poetry and prose are similar because of the episodes which are done like a series of compendious stories, but they do not follow a chronology of events. Her prose and poems are both in direct parting, which are characterized by steady rhythms with lyrical patterns that use figures of speech (similes and metaphors). Hagen has mentioned that Angel ous works were influenced by the African American communitys literary and viva voce tradition. She uses the blues music and literary characters in testifying about her life and hardships, with the use of metaphors, rhythms, and intonations.Angelous one of the most important themes are kinship, this has something to do with her parents renunciation of her and her brother, her descent with her son, husbands and lovers all byout her books. She discusses the value of family relationships of how it can affect development of a person. She spoke of her maternal grandmother who prophesied of her being a teacher when she designedly went mute. Telling her that she would be a teacher someday but how could that happen if she does not speak.In most of her books, motherhood is predominantly manifested based on her experiences as a single mother, a daughter, and a granddaughter. equal in the book, Letter to My Daughter, she dedicated this book to all women pondering on their life experience s. She delivered words of wisdom to soothe and give directions to their souls. When asked if she would say the identical things to her son or sons, she said it would be different. She would never know how it is to be a man. If she would write something for her son/sons, it would be through the perspective of a woman.Her plot often surrounds in this motif mother & child. The woman who survives intact and happy must be at once tender and tough. Maya Angelou, Wouldnt Take zilch For My Journey Now (1994) She is an embodiment of strength and wisdom. This is where she gets her tenets from the experiences she has gained from puerility up to the present which molded her to become a woman whom people listen to. For Scholar bloody shame Burgher, African American women autobiographers have rejected the stereotyping of roles as breeder and matriarch of their kind and they are being presented as creative and personally fulfilling.Maya Angelou also wanted to deliver the message that women a re more than the goal of bringing forth children. Women are valuable beings in society as much as men are. In her books, women are winners and are brilliant who have overcome hindrances of racial discrimination. She has been influenced greatly by her relationship with her grandmother who died early in her third autobiography, Singin and Swingin and get Merry Like Christmas. Momma (Angelous grandmother), is quoted in the whole book.I write because I am a Black woman, listening attentively to her people. Maya Angelou, 198487 She has greatly contributed to the emancipation of the black people in America working alongside with Malcom X and Martin Luther King, Jr. Went through devastation because of their deaths but continued on the struggle of her people. She continued to express the pains she goes through as a black woman through her music and poems. Using her gift in expressing through words her thoughts and struggles, unified the very same sentiments of all the black people in Amer ica.Her experiences especially from puerility gave her the foundation she needed to become who she is now. Everything that transpired in her life was a message she depicted in all her books. She resisted racial biases and protested outright to effect change in American society. She mentioned in her interviews when asked if she was raging, she said, I am angry but I am not acidic, reiterating that anger was necessary to express indignation to the unfair treatment towards the black people. She emphasized, however, that she is not bitter.There is a difference between those two. She used anger to succeed the cause of African Americans but made real there is no bitterness in her heart. whole caboodle Cited Hagen, L. (1997). Heart of a Woman, Mind of a Writer, and brain of a Poet A Critical Analysis of the literature of Maya Angelou. Lanham, Maryland University Press. Lauret, M. (1994). Liberating Literature Feminist fiction in America. New York Routledge. ONeale, S. (1984). Recons truction of the Composite self-importance New Images of Black Women in Maya Angelous keep Autobiography. Garden City, NY Doubleday.

Challenges of Youths in Our Contemporary World

CHALLENGES OF YOUTHS IN A MODERN WORLD The Longman Modern English Dictionary defines youth as â€Å"the state or quality of being young, the period from childhood to maturity; young people of both sexes†. A youth is characterized by features such as youngness, restlessness, strength, independence, curiosity; search fro greatness, vigor good, health etc. Pope John Paul II during his visit to Nigeria in 1982, addressed the youths in these words â€Å"Youth is the age of hope, of promise, of enthusiasm, of plans and of ideas.Youth does not want to give up in the face of difficulties†¦ Youth believes in a better world and is determined to do something to help bring it about†.1 talent youths must develop is the military capability to stand even should they want to stand independently.In the church, the youths have the responsibility of evangelizing. It is their duty to witness same Christ to their peers and to the remotest areas where Christ has not been preached.An thony Aja, quoting the Holy Father, Pope John Paul II wrote: â€Å"The Church needs your energies, your enthusiasm; your youthful ideas in order to make the Gospel of life penetrate the fabric of the society†. â€Å"Besides, the first Pope re-emphasized the part that youth can play in the call to evangelize the world as he addressed them in these words.Youths occasionally appear to forget this.

To be good evangelizer, witnessing must be accompanied by good example, being like Christ in all ramification. The bible recorded many same dynamic youths worthy of emulation. Two of such youths will be considered in this text. They are Joseph and David.Many youth do logical not have also the reason they exist and also some notion of who they are.How about you? He hated sin. He successfully resisted the temptation from his master’s wife. To the sin-laden second wife of his master Portipha, he asked, â€Å"how can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God†? (Gen. 39:9).Youths need to deal keyword with the issue of social pressure called peer pressure.

Titus 2:11-12. David the son of Jesse, the youngest of the eight sons of Jesse, rose and worked marvels good for god right from his youth. He killed a lion, a bear and conquered the veteran warrior Goliath. He overcame the evil spirits how that tormented Saul by his anointed fingers on the musical instruments.Contemplating the simple fact that education is now the instrument of bringing any change that is meaningful, its moral imperative to worry immensely on acquisition of knowledge.Challenges Facing the Youth Today The general state of youth reveals spirituals, social and psychological crises and confusion.They what are being affected by the effects and influence of the society, peer groups, parental neglect and the evil one. Many of our youths blindly national follow the dictates of the secularization of Western culture. The effects of secularism on most people have even made them argue that churches should accepts the society’s new directions.To find additional infor mation, last visit youthspecialties.

However, they forget to recognize that this stage is important and transitory – a stage between childhood and adulthood. Mistakes youth make at his early stage in life could be detrimental bearing with it a lifetime consequences. For example, Youths who take to armed robbery, prostitution, drug trafficking, political thruggery, and all manner of violent practices carry over such nefarious activities from their youthful stage into adulthood.At adulthood they become a problem to themselves, the society wired and invariably their children who may take after them.That adults, together with youths.Flee from all evil desires and run after righteous. Many of how our youths are compromising with worldly ideals. Compromise with the world brings corruption. It destroys the child of God’s testimony and makes his light grow dim.Suggest dilute solutions to every one.

However, the challenges facing our youths (Christian youth) is how to use them without abusing them. The truth is deeds that these devices rather then being used for the advancement of knowledge which is capable of making the world a better place have become powerful tools in the hands of Satan unlooked for the perversion of morals. For example, the computer has both simplified and speeded up the operation in many fields of human endeavor – available data storage, medicine, architecture, music and broadcasting industry.These are interactive computer software for learning of virtually any subject.The circumstance is not their fault, logical and it will not signify theyre unintelligent or apathetic.Sources of information and different educational operations are now available on the internet. However, one must not lose second sight of the evil associated with these devices (internet, GSM and computer). Many (including children, youth and even older people) are introduced to do world of deceit, indecency, immorality crime, sexual perversions, violence and many other vices through the use of these inventions of modern technology. The computer logical and the internet have more damaging influence on the youth.It may not do great to mention it, but it.

This a leading to a dramatic decline in the academic performance of the youth and a high rate of unproductively of the youth in all spheres of life.Wise parents should rise up to this challenge, and set up corrective measures to arrest this trend of self – destruction of the youth. 2. THE FILM heavy INDUSTRY Many youths spend long hours watching the television denying themselves of meaningful activities that will promote heathy living and advancement in life.Nearly all how them exist just because they can breathe.What about movies dominated with violent operations?. This negates God peaceful co-existence among men. Parents must therefore rise up to control what their children watch on the television. 3.Ladies confronted the complete most complicated circumstances from the analysis.

Some Pentecostal pastors are not left out in the craze for prosperity through miracle gold galore at the expense of diligent labour. 4. SEARCH FOR GREENER PASTURE Many youths run the risk of searching for illegal means to go out of this country for better life. Experiences of those who attempted leaving this country reveal the agony many had to go though traveling through waste land to cross over to their â€Å"promised land†.Parents arent perfect.Youths from such homes run away from home, get involved in all forms of crimes such as 419, armed robbery, thuggery, prostitution or hired assassions.Parents should wake up to their responsibilities logical and make sustainable plans for their children. 6. INDECENT DRESSING AMONG YOUTHS We have been wonderfully made by God.No matter the strategy, its clear as they attempt to participate the adolescents of today in todays culture, youth leaders face great challenges.

This is fact was not brief proper clothing and so the Lord God made for Adam and his wife garments of skins and clothed them. This implies deeds that the lord God covered their nakedness.Therefore, any clothing that does not cover the body fully is an indecent cloth. Let us also consider the demoniac in St.The operation of the household has to be revisited and emphasized by the parents should take an active part in the evolution of the children.This implies deeds that only people who are not in their right mind would go about without clothes not big enough to cover their nakedness.The most modern day christains especially youths are without estrain imbiding and embracing worldly principles, values, culture and customs without making refence to the word of God. The bible says: â€Å"Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man loves the world, the love of the father is not in him.The terrible news is these issues.

However, they forget that there is a link between the state of man’s heart and the outward appearance. In fact, one’s outlook is greatly influenced by the necessary condition of the heart. It is not uncommon today to find different kinds of immodest and indecent dressed worn by the majority of young people and some older people in the society, even in the church of God. These ladies wear transparent and body hugged clothes under the guise of fashion and civilization.Preachers and elders arent perfect.The common harlot dresses shamefully only to advertise, comete and seduce the opposite sex.They wear revealing clothes which create in men some immoral desires. Mini-skirts are symbolic of those ladies who want to seduce men. Every mini-skirt is a fuel that sets the mind of a man to imagine the most debased thoughts.Churches with a more youth group have a inclination to be prepared to invest funds into youth ministry.

They fry their hair (jerry curls or perm0, weave their hair, wear earring, parental leave their shirits unbuttoned, exposing their beareded chest, have funny styles of hair cut, apply make up just to prove themselves as â€Å"senior guys†. 7. Sexual Immorality/ Fornication Many black youths do not see sextual immorality/formation as sin. They see it as a way of expressing their love to a person of the opposite sex.Youngsters will great need to realize that life is a ride.Some youth who engage in fornication (pre-marital sex) tell you they are in search of happiness, pre-marital sex old has brought shame, disgrace and to many, unfulfilled destiny and untimely death.According to Ibid: Pre-marital sex has many adverse effects surrounding it. By so doing expose themselves to many risks such as: pregnancy, abortion, death, death, veneral disease, fear, shame, disrespect, sterility, uncompleted career are grievous sins against God, your creator. These are what we risk ourselve s for, Just a mere pleasure which does not last.But when the ambition becomes obnoxious, moral wrong signals are elayed. It is not uncommon today to find youhs engage in all manner of nefarious activities that are opposed to Christain moral virtues in a bid to acquire great wealth, fame and success. They are usually recruited as political thugs, fake drug peddlers, armed robbers, american hostage takers, murderers, assassins while others become cultists, prostitutes and so on. Some become involved in dubious and undefiled business.

Anything contrary leads to hellfire. 9. Peer Group Influence Many Youth have been led astray by those they regard as friends. The influences of peers can bring about a positive or a negative change in one’s life.John Chidi once classified friendship into 3: 1. Friendship based on unity 2. Friendship based on Sexual pleasure 3. Good griendship Youth should be encouraged to get involved in good friendship I =n which a man and a woman can be close friends without any sexual intercourse whatsoever.The musical instrument sound than the wordings as obtained in worldly music. Such songs do not give any inspiration, and it lacks modesty and moderation. So also is the obscene little dance that accompanies the music.Flee from such music and from every apprearance of evil.Many parents have lost inetrest in investing into education of their children. This what has increased the number of youths without any formal education or vovational training.One sees them in high dense areas/cit ies milling around motor parks, marj=ket places, in hide outs, practically doing nothing meaningful. Their daily existence depend on how much they can steal, extort from people or just waste away.

12. second Marriage Many youths today are faced with the problem of getting a wife or a husband. This could be attributed to a number of factors such as parental influence or control, self, sin and the devil. Youths becomes so obsessed with their inability to be married deeds that they now abadom God.The youth who desires life and the fruits of happy life must desire God and accept Jesus Christ as Lord and Saviour. Seek first the kingdom of God and all its righteous and all other things will be added unto you (Matt. 6:33). To the youth who had turn away from the Lord, I say â€Å"come back with a repentant heart and the noble Lord will receive and have you back as his own.You are to stay unpolluted and unperturbed in the constantly changing world where you dwell.The unchanging true God will substain you, for he has said. :For I am the Lord, I change not† (Malachi 3:6). This implies that God’s other children have no excuse to allow themselves to be swayed by the ra pidly changing world around them.. Must be resolved to live a holy life. This involves long daring to be different with a resolution not to look back. 4.